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A new 1,2-diketone physalin, physalin XII (1), and 13 known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of Physalis minima whole plant collected in Thailand. Among them, five physalins (2-6) had tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistance overcoming activity, and physalin F (3) was the most active with an IC value of 0.39 µM against human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS in the presence of TRAIL (100 ng/mL). An investigation of the TRAIL-resistance overcoming activity of physalins using western blot analysis showed that 3 promoted TRAIL-induced apoptosis by suppressing anti-apoptotic proteins c-FLIP and Bcl-2.
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