Factors influencing clinical outcomes in superior capsular reconstruction: A scoping review.

Background: It is undetermined how effective superior capsule/capsular reconstruction (SCR) is, and which factors influence clinical outcomes.

Questions/purposes: (1) To identify which factors influence outcomes in SCR, (2) to evaluate the effect of graft integrity on clinical outcomes, and (3) to compare SCR to other procedures for irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for clinical SCR studies. Data on specific factors that influenced outcomes, that compared outcomes between intact/torn graft groups, or compared SCR to alternative treatments for irreparable tears were extracted by two investigators. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to compare outcomes between intact vs torn SCR grafts.

Results: 394 articles were identified. 100 full-text articles were screened. 13 studies were included for scoping review. Eight studies were meta-analyzed. Better clinical scores were found in younger patients, with intact/repairable subscapularis, without acetabulization/arthritis, who played sports. In patients with irreparable tears without arthritis, SCR produced similar clinical scores at 2 years as shoulder arthroplasty and partial infraspinatus repair, and greater improvements in ASES and Constant scores than latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. Intact grafts produced better VAS (mean difference [MD] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [-1.45-0.50],  < 0.0001,  = 67%, n [patients] = 261), ASES (MD = 8.29, [2.89-13.70], 0.003,  = 74%, n = 281), external rotation (MD = 4.49, [0.36-8.61], 0.03,  = 0%, n = 240), and acromiohumeral distance (MD = 2.45, [0.96-3.94], 0.001,  = 92%, n = 260) than torn grafts.

Conclusions: Patients who underwent SCR for irreparable rotator cuff tears were more likely to have better clinical outcomes if they were younger, had intact/repairable subscapularis, without acetabulization/arthritis, played sports and had intact grafts.