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A novel whole blood assay to quantify the release of T cell associated cytokines in response to Bordetella pertussis antigens.
J Immunol Methods
November 2024
Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Background: Bordetella pertussis continues to cause whooping cough globally even in countries with high immunisation coverage. Booster vaccinations with acellular pertussis vaccines are thus used in children, adolescents, and adults. T cell immunity is crucial for orchestrating the immune response after vaccination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVisualization of immune pathways that enhance the neutralizing antibody response to vaccines after primary immunization.
mBio
March 2024
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
We examined the relationship between the association of a vaccine antigen with immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs shortly after immunization and the resulting neutralizing antibody response induced by that antigen using three antigenic forms of anthrax protective antigen (PA) that induce qualitatively different antibody responses. The three PA forms used were wild-type PA, which binds to anthrax toxin receptors and elicits a robust antibody response that includes both neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies; a receptor-binding-deficient (RBD) mutant form of PA, which does not bind cellular receptors and elicits only barely detectable antibody responses; and an engineered chimeric form of PA, which binds cholera toxin receptors and elicits a robust total antibody response but a poor neutralizing antibody response. We found that both wild-type PA and the PA chimera associated with immune cells in secondary lymphoid organs after immunization, but the RBD mutant PA exhibited minimal association, revealing a relationship between antigen binding to toxin receptors on immune cells after immunization and subsequent antibody responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBacteroides fragilis toxin expression enables lamina propria niche acquisition in the developing mouse gut.
Nat Microbiol
January 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Bacterial toxins are well-studied virulence factors; however, recent studies have revealed their importance in bacterial niche adaptation. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) expresses B. fragilis toxin (BFT) that we hypothesized may contribute to both colonic epithelial injury and niche acquisition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogenicity and virulence of : Factors contributing to the fitness in healthcare settings and the infected host.
Virulence
December 2024
Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections and hospital outbreaks, particularly in intensive care units. Much of the success of relies on its genomic plasticity, which allows rapid adaptation to adversity and stress. The capacity to acquire novel antibiotic resistance determinants and the tolerance to stresses encountered in the hospital environment promote spread among patients and long-term contamination of the healthcare setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetinoic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced ferroptotic liver injury and iron disorders by regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and RARβ signaling.
Free Radic Biol Med
August 2023
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:
Acute liver injury (ALI) can progress to severe liver diseases, making its prevention and treatment a focus of research. Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to have anti-oxidative and iron-regulatory effects on organs. In this study, we investigated the effect of RA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in both in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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