Unlabelled: Our results suggested that short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) might increase the risks of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures. Government should protect its citizens by putting in place policies to reduce unhealthy emissions and air pollution.
Introduction: Osteoporotic fractures are accompanied by high rates of disability and mortality. PM has been linked with many health outcomes. However, few studies focus on the association of short-term exposure to ambient PM and osteoporotic fractures.
Methods: Data on daily mean air pollution, meteorological factors, and hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures were collected from Hangzhou, China, 2020-2021. A time-stratified case-crossover design with extended Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to assess the associations between PM and osteoporotic fractures.
Results: Short-term exposure to PM significantly increased the risks of hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures at cumulative lag days. Per 10 μg/m increased in PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm), PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 μm and 10 μm), and PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) were associated with 5.65% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.29, 10.19), 3.19% (0.11, 6.36), and 2.45% (0.57, 4.37) increase in hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures, respectively. Significant PM-osteoporotic fracture associations were only observed in females and people aged over 65 years old. For the season, the estimates of PM on hospitalizations for osteoporotic fractures were 6.30% (95% CIs: 1.62, 11.20) in the cold season vs. 2.16% (95% CIs: - 4.62, 9.42) in the warm season for per 10 μg/m increase of PM, and 0.99 (95% CIs: - 2.69, 4.80) vs. 6.72% (95% CIs: 0.68, 13.13) for PM.
Conclusions: Our study showed PM was positively linked with the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Females and people aged over 65 years old were more susceptible to PM. The adverse impacts of PM in the cold season and PM in the warm season were worthy of special attention.
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