Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Introduction: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with high mortality and high antibiotic resistance rates. The aim of this study was to describe BSI etiology, antimicrobial resistance profile and risk factors in a sample of patients deceased with COVID-19 from the Italian National COVID-19 surveillance.
Methods: Hospital charts of patients who developed BSI during hospitalization were reviewed to describe the causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Risk factors were analyzed in univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: The study included 73 patients (71.2% male, median age 70): 40 of them (54.8%) received antibiotics and 30 (41.1%) systemic steroids within 48 h after admission; 53 (72.6%) were admitted to intensive care unit. Early steroid use was associated with a significantly shorter interval between admission and BSI occurrence. Among 107 isolated microorganisms, the most frequent were spp., spp., , and . Median time from admission to BSI was shorter for compared to all other bacteria (8 vs. 24 days, = 0.003), and longer for spp., compared to all other bacteria (26 vs. 18 days, = 0.009). Susceptibility tests showed a high rate of resistance, with 37.6% of the bacterial isolates resistant to key antibiotics. Resistance was associated with geographical area [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for Central/South Italy compared to North Italy: 6.775, = 0.002], and with early use of systemic steroids (AOR 6.971, = 0.018).
Conclusions: In patients deceased with COVID-19, a large proportion of BSI are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Early steroid use may facilitate this occurrence.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713028 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1041668 | DOI Listing |
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