AI Article Synopsis

  • Carbonic anhydrase V (CA V) is a mitochondrial enzyme found in mammals, with two forms in mice (CA VA and CA VB) that have distinct functions in ammonia detoxification and metabolic processes.
  • CA VA is crucial for detoxifying ammonia and providing bicarbonate for biosynthesis, while CA VB's role is less understood but important for spermatogenesis.
  • Mutations in CA5A lead to metabolic issues in children, and early detection of hyperammonaemia can allow effective treatment with N-carbamyl-l-glutamate, making CA VA deficiency a treatable metabolic condition.

Article Abstract

Carbonic anhydrase V (CA V), a mitochondrial enzyme, was first isolated from guinea-pig liver and subsequently identified in mice and humans. Later, studies revealed that the mouse genome contains two mitochondrial CA sequences, named Car5A and Car5B. The CA VA enzyme is most highly expressed in the liver, whereas CA VB shows a broad tissue distribution. Car5A knockout mice demonstrated a predominant role for CA VA in ammonia detoxification, whereas the roles of CA VB in ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis were evident only in the absence of CA VA. Previous studies have suggested that CA VA is mainly involved in the provision of HCO for biosynthetic processes. In children, mutations in the CA5A gene led to reduced CA activity, and the enzyme was sensitive to increased temperature. The metabolic profiles of these children showed a reduced supply of HCO to the enzymes that take part in intermediary metabolism: carbamoylphosphate synthetase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. Although the role of CA VB is still poorly understood, a recent study reported that it plays an essential role in human Sertoli cells, which sustain spermatogenesis. Metabolic disease associated with CA VA appears to be more common than other inborn errors of metabolism and responds well to treatment with N-carbamyl-l-glutamate. Therefore, early identification of hyperammonaemia will allow specific treatment with N-carbamyl-l-glutamate and prevent neurological sequelae. Carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency should therefore be considered a treatable condition in the differential diagnosis of hyperammonaemia in neonates and young children.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10107955PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/JP283579DOI Listing

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