Aims: To evaluate the association between the exposure of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5μm (PM) and with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 10μm (PM) over the first trimester and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to assess whether maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) modified the GDM risk.
Methods: All Finnish primiparous women without previously diagnosed diabetes who delivered between 2009 and 2015 in the city of Vantaa, Finland, composed the study cohort (N = 6189). Diagnosis of GDM was based on a standard 75 g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. The average daily concentration of PM and PM over the first trimester was calculated individually for each woman. The relationship between exposure of PM and PM and GDM was analyzed with logistic models.
Results: No association was observed between the average daily concentrations of PM and PM over the first trimester and the GDM risk. When simultaneously taking BMI and PM into account both mean daily PM concentration (p = 0.047) and pre-pregnancy BMI (p = 0.016) increased GDM risk independently and an interaction (p = 0.013) was observed between PM concentration and pre-pregnancy BMI.
Conclusions: Even globally low PM exposure level together with elevated maternal pre-pregnancy BMI seems to increase the GDM risk.
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