Severity of new-onset type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents during the coronavirus-19 disease pandemic.

Introduction: ß-pancreatic cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication; this could lead to infection-related diabetes or precipitate the onset of type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the severity at diagnosis, analyzing clinical and epidemiological features at debut in children under 16 years of age in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Material And Methods: A retrospective observational multicenter study was carried out in 7 hospitals of the public health network located in the south of our community. The severity at debut is compared with that of the two previous years (2018 and 2019). The level of statistical significance is set at p<0.05.

Results: In 2020, 61 patients debuted at the 7 hospital centres. The mean age was 10.1 years (SD: 2.6), 50.8% older than 10 years. The clinical profile at diagnosis was ketoacidosis in 52.5% compared to 39.5% and 26.5% in the previous two years (p<0.01). The mean pH (7.24 vs 7.30/7.30) and excess of bases (-11.9 vs -7.43/-7.9) was lower than in the previous two years, and the glycated haemoglobin higher (11.9 vs 11/10.6), p<0.05. At least 10% of the patients had a positive history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions: There has been an increase in the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes onset during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.