Construct Validity of the Dutch, English, French, and Spanish LPFS-BF 2.0: Measurement Invariance Across Language and Gender and Criterion Validity.

With the introduction of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the , the need for short measures of the level of personality functioning has emerged, both for screening purposes and for assessing change during treatment. The Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0) was constructed for this and has received support for its two-factor structure and criterion validity. The authors aimed to provide additional construct validity evidence for the LPFS-BF 2.0 by examining its factor structure and measurement invariance across the Dutch, English, French, and Spanish versions and across gender, and its criterion validity. Results showed that the two-factor model had a good fit to the data in the four linguistic versions. Configural and metric invariance were supported across linguistic versions and gender, while scalar invariance was partially supported. Reporting a mental health disorder and having consulted with a mental health professional were associated with higher LPFS-BF 2.0 scores.