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RNA Viruses Linked to Eukaryotic Hosts in Thawed Permafrost. | LitMetric

RNA Viruses Linked to Eukaryotic Hosts in Thawed Permafrost.

mSystems

Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, Washington, USA.

Published: December 2022

AI Article Synopsis

  • Arctic permafrost is melting due to global warming, which could have unknown effects on microbes and viruses, particularly RNA viruses, which haven't been as well studied as DNA viruses in these environments.
  • Researchers studied RNA viral communities in thawed permafrost, finding a diverse range of RNA viruses that mainly target eukaryotic organisms like fungi, and discovered potential pathogens that could impact plants and humans.
  • The study reveals that these RNA viruses may play significant roles in carbon cycling in thawed permafrost, highlighting their unique nature compared to viruses found in other ecosystems and their potential implications for Arctic ecological processes.

Article Abstract

Arctic permafrost is thawing due to global warming, with unknown consequences on the microbial inhabitants or associated viruses. DNA viruses have previously been shown to be abundant and active in thawing permafrost, but little is known about RNA viruses in these systems. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed the composition of RNA viruses in thawed permafrost samples that were incubated for 97 days at 4°C to simulate thaw conditions. A diverse RNA viral community was assembled from metatranscriptome data including double-stranded RNA viruses, dominated by and , and negative and positive single-stranded RNA viruses, with relatively high representations of and , respectively. Sequences corresponding to potential plant and human pathogens were also detected. The detected RNA viruses primarily targeted dominant eukaryotic taxa in the samples (e.g., fungi, and ) and the viral community structures were significantly associated with predicted host populations. These results indicate that RNA viruses are linked to eukaryotic host dynamics. Several of the RNA viral sequences contained auxiliary metabolic genes encoding proteins involved in carbon utilization (e.g., polygalacturosase), implying their potential roles in carbon cycling in thawed permafrost. Permafrost is thawing at a rapid pace in the Arctic with largely unknown consequences on ecological processes that are fundamental to Arctic ecosystems. This is the first study to determine the composition of RNA viruses in thawed permafrost. Other recent studies have characterized DNA viruses in thawing permafrost, but the majority of DNA viruses are bacteriophages that target bacterial hosts. By contrast RNA viruses primarily target eukaryotic hosts and thus represent potential pathogenic threats to humans, animals, and plants. Here, we find that RNA viruses in permafrost are novel and distinct from those in other habitats studied to date. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened awareness of the importance of potential environmental reservoirs of emerging RNA viral pathogens. We demonstrate that some potential pathogens were detected after an experimental thawing regime. These results are important for understanding critical viral-host interactions and provide a better understanding of the ecological roles that RNA viruses play as permafrost thaws.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9765123PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00582-22DOI Listing

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