In the past few years, the ability of wireless network operators to monitor audience using control frames emitted by client devices has been compromised, both by legislation treating client MAC addresses as private information and by the difficulty of distinguishing genuine client frames from those arising from the Internet of Things or from certain enhanced services. Here, a deterministic model, based on characteristics of human activity and on seasonal trends, is used to reveal underlying client statistics in raw MAC-randomized WiFi Probe Request data. The method proposes a candidate conversion factor, , between probe request counts and the client population, which offers plausible predictions on real-world datasets.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228679 | DOI Listing |
Sensors (Basel)
July 2023
Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
In the past few years, data privacy legislation has hampered the ability of WiFi network operators to count and map client activity for commercial and security purposes. Indeed, since client device MAC devices are now randomized at each transmission, aggregating client activity using management frames such as Probe Requests, as has been common practice in the past, becomes problematic. Recently, researchers have demonstrated that, statistically, client counts are roughly proportional to raw Probe Request counts, thus somewhat alleviating the client counting problem, even if, in most cases, ground truth measurements from alternate sensors such as cameras are necessary to establish this proportionality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
November 2022
Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
In the past few years, the ability of wireless network operators to monitor audience using control frames emitted by client devices has been compromised, both by legislation treating client MAC addresses as private information and by the difficulty of distinguishing genuine client frames from those arising from the Internet of Things or from certain enhanced services. Here, a deterministic model, based on characteristics of human activity and on seasonal trends, is used to reveal underlying client statistics in raw MAC-randomized WiFi Probe Request data. The method proposes a candidate conversion factor, , between probe request counts and the client population, which offers plausible predictions on real-world datasets.
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