Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy as a Tool for the Differentiation between Staphylococcal Small Colony Variants.

Small colony variants (SCVs) are clinically significant and linked to persistent infections. In this study, synchrotron-radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) is used to investigate the microspectroscopic differences between the SCVs of () and diabetic foot () in two main IR spectral regions: (3050-2800 cm), corresponding to the distribution of lipids, and (1855-1500 cm), corresponding to the distribution of protein amide I and amide II and carbonyl vibrations. SR-FTIR successfully discriminated between the two staphylococcal species and between the SCV and the non-SCV strains within the two IR spectral regions. Combined SCVs (SCVhMu) showed a higher protein content relative to the non-SCV wild type. Complemented SCV showed distinguishable differences from the SCVhMu and the wild type, including a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids. An increase in the CH/CH ratio was detected in SCV samples compared to the standard control. Protein secondary structure in standard and SCVs consisted mainly of an α-helix; however, a new shoulder at 1635 cm, assigned to β-sheets, was evident in the SCV. In conclusion, SR-FTIR is a powerful method that can discriminate between staphylococci species and to differentiate between SCVs and their corresponding natural strains.