Histopathology of head kidney tissues in challenged rohu, Hamilton after vaccinating with antigens.

The study was conducted to evaluate the vaccination effects on rohu, head kidney tissues while assessing the vaccine efficacy of antigens Six acclimatized rohu groups were immunized with three antigenic formulations (outer membrane proteins, somatic and whole-cell antigen) @ 200 µg/fish and also with equal volume of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA), separately. Simultaneously, two non-vaccinated groups, i.e., injected with FIA (100µl), normal saline solutions (0.85%) and one control without injection were maintained for 28 days. All rohu were challenged with median lethal dose of (2.85 × 10 cells/rohu) intraperitoneally. After 7 days, highest cumulative mortality (%) of ˃88% was found for all non-vaccinated groups. During histopathological observations in head kidney tissues of all treatment and control groups, numerous histopathological changes in the nephritic cells like mild loss of typical tubular epithelial lining, necrosis, thickening of renal epithelial lining, haemorrhages, inflammation, distorted and widening of the lumen with vacuolated surrounding and the constricted lumen of nephritic tubules were noticed for vaccinated rohu in contrast to non vaccinated groups before challenge. In case of all non-vaccinated fish, including control, extensive degenerated and necrotized head kidney tissues were observed, whereas it was least observed in vaccinated rohu after 7 days challenge. Results suggest that OMPs antigen along with FIA was the premier vaccine approach for improving resistance to disease and reduce mortality in rohu. Similarly, vaccination with all three antigenic formulations, preferably when applied along with FIA, can effectively protect the head kidney against infection.