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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100292 | DOI Listing |
Tech Coloproctol
January 2025
Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Introduction: Anorectal melanoma (ARM) is rare and highly lethal neoplasm. It has a poorer prognosis compared with cutaneous ones. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the preferred method of nodal staging method for cutaneous melanoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Background: Recent studies suggest genome-wide-association-studies (GWAS) loci confer their effects on microglia in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) brains. Relatively fewer studies have investigated the effects of other genome-wide significant loci (p<5e) using human neurons.
Method: GWAS itself cannot directly identify causal variant-(effector)gene-pairs as GWAS only reports the sentinel variant at a given locus.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Background: To date, Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has principally focused on neurons. In contrast, recent studies suggest that genetic mechanisms drive microglia towards prolonged inflammation in AD brains, exacerbating neurodegeneration. Indeed, many of the 70 disease-associated loci uncovered with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reside near genes related to microglial function, such as TREM2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), widely distributed on the surface of a variety of epithelial cells (ECs) and immune sentinel cells in the gut, plays a vital role in developing IBS.
Objectives: We sought to synthesize the existing literature on TLR4 in IBS and inform further study.
Expert Rev Respir Med
January 2025
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Introduction: In genetically predisposed individuals, exposure to aeroallergens and infections from RNA viruses shape epithelial barrier function, leading to Allergic Asthma (AA). Here, activated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in lower airway sentinel cells signal epithelial injury-repair pathways leading to cell-state changes [epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP)], barrier disruption and sensitization.
Areas Covered: 1.
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