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An Update on Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Curr Rheumatol Rep

January 2025

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.

Purpose: To summarize the latest research on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Recent Findings: The epidemiology of MIS-C has been dynamic since its initial description. The pathogenesis remains poorly understood.

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The study sought to assess the clinical utility of complete blood count-derived composite scores, suggesting their potential as markers of inflammation and disease severity in Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) with Kawasaki-like features. This retrospective study analyzed data from 71 KD and 73 MIS-C patients and 70 healthy controls. The KD group showed a higher rate of coronary involvement (26.

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Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is an uncommon but severe hyperinflammatory illness that occurs 2 to 6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presentation overlaps with other conditions, and risk factors for severity differ by patient. Characterizing patterns of MIS-C presentation can guide efforts to reduce misclassification, categorize phenotypes, and identify patients at risk for severe outcomes.

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The immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are still under investigation. While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is usually mild in the paediatric population, some children develop severe clinical manifestations or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after infection. MIS-C, typically emerging 2-6 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure, is characterized by a hyperinflammatory response affecting multiple organs.

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