Contemporary Use of Hormonal Therapy in Endometrial Cancer: a Literature Review.

Most endometrial cancers are estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positive. Hormonal therapy in endometrial cancer is best used in patients with low-grade disease and hormone receptor positivity. Though not standard of care, hormonal treatment can be considered in endometrial cancer treatment in both the early-stage upfront setting for patients who are not surgical candidates and in advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. In patients who desire fertility preservation or who are not surgical candidates, levonorgestrel intrauterine device and oral progesterone are preferred treatment options. In patients with advanced and metastatic disease, there is no standard-of-care second-line treatment, and hormonal treatment is a widely accepted option for low-grade disease. Beyond progesterone, selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, and fulvestrant are hormonal treatment options. New therapies, such as MTOR inhibitors and CDK 4/6 inhibitors, have been extensively studied in breast cancer and are shown to be useful in conjunction with hormonal therapies particularly when there is suspected resistance to anti-estrogen treatment. Hormonal therapies also tend to be better tolerated than chemotherapy agents, making them a desirable option particularly in patients with lower performance status. Results from ongoing clinical trials will hopefully help shed light on the use of combination treatment in patients with hormone receptor-positive, low-grade metastatic, and recurrent endometrial cancer.