Health Tracking via Mobile Apps for Depression Self-management: Qualitative Content Analysis of User Reviews.

Background: Tracking and visualizing health data using mobile apps can be an effective self-management strategy for mental health conditions. However, little evidence is available to guide the design of mental health-tracking mechanisms.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the content of user reviews of depression self-management apps to guide the design of data tracking and visualization mechanisms for future apps.

Methods: We systematically reviewed depression self-management apps on Google Play and iOS App stores. English-language reviews of eligible apps published between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, were extracted from the app stores. Reviews that referenced health tracking and data visualization were included in sentiment and qualitative framework analyses.

Results: The search identified 130 unique apps, 26 (20%) of which were eligible for inclusion. We included 783 reviews in the framework analysis, revealing 3 themes. Impact of app-based mental health tracking described how apps increased reviewers' self-awareness and ultimately enabled condition self-management. The theme designing impactful mental health-tracking apps described reviewers' feedback and requests for app features during data reporting, review, and visualization. It also described the desire for customization and contexts that moderated reviewer preference. Finally, implementing impactful mental health-tracking apps described considerations for integrating apps into a larger health ecosystem, as well as the influence of paywalls and technical issues on mental health tracking.

Conclusions: App-based mental health tracking supports depression self-management when features align with users' individual needs and goals. Heterogeneous needs and preferences raise the need for flexibility in app design, posing challenges for app developers. Further research should prioritize the features based on their importance and impact on users.