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From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland.
Published: January 2023
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Many challenges exist in the precise diagnosis and clinical management of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) because of the lack of definitive clinical, imaging, immunologic, or pathologic criteria that demarcate the transition from relapsing-remitting MS to SPMS. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic criteria/definition and the heterogeneity associated with different SPMS patient populations; it also emphasizes the importance of available prospective/retrospective tools to identify patients with SPMS earlier in the disease course so that approved disease-modifying therapies and nonpharmacological strategies will translate into better outcomes. Delivery of such interventions necessitates an evolving patient-clinician dialog within the context of a multidisciplinary team.
