Background: A variety of transhepatic percutaneous biliary procedures are appropriate for the treatment of pathologies of the biliary system.
Objectives: The aim of this article is to describe best practices for performing percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with placement of a biliary drain (PTCD), percutaneous transhepatic removal of bile duct stones, percutaneous stenting of the bile ducts, and percutaneous treatment of postoperative bilioma.
Materials And Methods: The authors reviewed existing literature on relevant current recommendations and presented them based on their own facility's approach.
Results: Biliary interventions are mostly aimed at treating some form of cholestasis of benign or malignant etiology. The technical success rate is up to 90%.
Conclusion: Percutaneous biliary interventions are safe and effective procedures in the treatment of pathologies of the biliary system, preferably used when endoscopic access is not possible due to anatomical conditions.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00117-022-01083-7 | DOI Listing |
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