Knowledge of the dark history and inherent ethical dilemmas of Pernkopf's atlas is essential to individual decisions on use. Seventy-five years after the Holocaust, the legacy of Pernkopf's Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy continues to unfold. Informed use of the atlas needs to be integrated in academia and in practice. This paper advocates for the adoption of The Vienna Protocol and improving informed use of the atlas by: (1) updating and inserting an information letter in as many volumes as possible, so that the history can be known before use; (2) conducting and publishing a research study within the medical art community, to examine knowledge of the history of the atlas and elevate awareness; and (3) creating a museum archive and permanent exhibition of the original anatomical illustrations, to document historical facts, disseminate visual evidence, and illuminate embedded controversies. Moving towards informed use, in these ways, provides opportunities for continued ethical discourse, personal reflection and future Holocaust education. Through informed use we memorialize and pay tribute to the Nazi victims portrayed in the atlas.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/jbc.v45i1.10851 | DOI Listing |
Lancet
November 2024
Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address:
Ann Anat
January 2022
Orthopaedic surgeon in private practice, Turkey. Electronic address:
The aim of this study was to examine the last period of Max Clara's (1899-1966) life in Istanbul (1950-1966) and his scientific activities there. Clara's career before and during the National Socialist (NS) era was extensively studied, however, almost no information is available regarding his late years and his relationship with old colleagues and the academic world after he was dismissed from the academic life in the postwar period. Max Clara's life in Istanbul was based on primary sources from the Istanbul University Archive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biocommun
August 2021
Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto.
J Biocommun
August 2021
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Despite the revelations of the Nuremberg Medical Trial and subsequent prosecutions, the reality is that, with particular respect to medicine and the role of leading academic and scientific institutions during the so-called "Third Reich," the postwar period war was marked by a "Great Silence." With few exceptions, this silence continued until the 1980's, when increasing systematic scholarly research and inadvertent discoveries revealed the significant role played by the German and Austrian medical profession during the Nazi period and the Shoah. The discoveries included body parts of victims of Nazi terror in the collections of university institutes of anatomy and scientific research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biocommun
August 2021
Chief Justice, Rabbinical Court of Boston, Massachusetts.
An historian of World War II Germany was asked, about whether there was a single ideological notion that proved to be the most influential in allowing the horrific evils of the Holocaust to take place. It is the very idea, derived from the Romantics, he wrote, that artists are entitled to live outside of morality. Hitler and others unquestionably saw themselves in this way.
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