Acute flaccid paralysis incidence rate and epidemiology in children in Lebanon: a rise in numbers in the post-vaccination and refugee crisis era.

Background: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the acute onset of weakness and paralysis with reduced muscle tone. This study explored the incidence and different aspects of AFP in Lebanese children between 2009 and 2019.

Methods: AFP data were collected from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health. Incidence rate according to year, age groups, clinical data, follow-up, diagnosis, and vaccination status was analyzed in the 11-years period.

Results: AFP incidence rates increased importantly from 0.63 per 100,000 in 2009 till 4.96 per 100,000 in 2019. Most of the patients were children under ten years of age, 40.6% of all cases were under five years old, and 37.9% were between 5 and 9 years old. Follow-up revealed that approximately two out of five patients experienced residual weakness. As for the final diagnosis, around 30% of cases were diagnosed as Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). Most cases were children having received between 3 and 5 doses of polio vaccine.

Conclusions: The rise in cases coincided with the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon and the progressively deteriorating economy in the country; yet, incidence rates were in the lower margin compared with other countries.