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We performed X-ray absorption studies for the electrolytes of a Ti-Mn redox flow battery (RFB) to understand the redox reaction of the Ti/Mn ions and formation of precipitates in charged catholyte, because suppression of the disproportionation reaction is a key to improve the cyclability of Ti-Mn RFB and enhance the energy density. Hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy with a high transmittance and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy to directly observe the 3d orbitals were complementarily employed. Moreover, the Ti/Mn 3d electronic structure for each precipitate and solution in the charged catholyte was investigated by using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy: the valence of Mn in the precipitate is mostly attributed to 4+, and the solution includes only Mn . This charge disproportionation reaction should occur after the Mn ions in the catholyte should be oxidized from Mn to Mn by charge.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10107193 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202201047 | DOI Listing |
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