We consider the imaginary Gaussian multiplicative chaos, i.e. the complex Wick exponential for a log-correlated Gaussian field in dimensions. We prove a basic density result, showing that for any nonzero continuous test function , the complex-valued random variable has a smooth density w.r.t. the Lebesgue measure on . As a corollary, we deduce that the negative moments of imaginary chaos on the unit circle do not correspond to the analytic continuation of the Fyodorov-Bouchaud formula, even when well-defined. Somewhat surprisingly, basic density results are not easy to prove for imaginary chaos and one of the main contributions of the article is introducing Malliavin calculus to the study of (complex) multiplicative chaos. To apply Malliavin calculus to imaginary chaos, we develop a new decomposition theorem for non-degenerate log-correlated fields via a small detour to operator theory, and obtain small ball probabilities for Sobolev norms of imaginary chaos.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00440-022-01135-y | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
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Department of Mathematics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
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Department of Physics, Farook College Calicut, University of Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala 673632, India.
Phys Rev E
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MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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