Early and late recurrence after hepatectomy in patients with low-level HBV-DNA hepatocellular carcinoma under antiviral therapy.

Background: Antiviral therapy has been shown to benefit long-term survival after curative hepatectomy in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high levels of HBV-DNA, but the impact of antiviral therapy on patient recurrence in patients with low levels of HBV-DNA remains less clear.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing 296 patients with HBV-associated HCC with HBV-DNA levels < 2000 IU/mL who underwent hepatectomy at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between March 2013 and December 2017, of whom 157 patients received antiviral therapy (antiviral group) and 139 patients did not receive antiviral therapy (non-antiviral group), propensity score matching was used for survival analysis of patients in both groups, and subgroup analysis of major risk factors was performed.

Results: The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. At a median follow-up of 54 months, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates after propensity score matching (PSM) were 94.9%, 80.8%, 66.5%, and 90.9%, 64.6%, 49.4% for the antiviral and non-antiviral groups, respectively, p = 0.009, and the corresponding 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS for the two groups were 81.8%, 76.8%, 76.8%, and 67.7%, 55.6%, 55.6%, respectively. p = 0.001, and the overall survival and recurrence-free survival were significantly better in the antiviral group than in the non-antiviral group. Multi-factor COX regression analysis showed that prothrombin time ≥ 13 s, methemoglobin level ≥ 20 ng/ml, platelet count ≥ 100 × 10/L, tumor size > 5 cm, tumor multiplicity was associated with early recurrence, and antiviral treatment was an independent protective factor for early recurrence of HCC (HR, 0.431; 95% CI 0.274-0.679; p < 0.001), but not associated with a low risk of late relapse (HR, 0.822; 95% CI 0.526-1.284; p = 0.389), and the main risk factors for late relapse included AST levels > 40 IU/ml, ALP levels > 130 IU/L, and the presence of satellite nodules, and subgroup analysis showed that compared to HBeAg-positive patients, antiviral therapy could significantly prolonged the recurrence-free survival of HBeAg-negative patients.

Conclusion: Antiviral therapy reduces early tumor recurrence after hepatectomy in patients with low levels of HBV-DNA.