Chronic pre- and postnatal exposure of CD rats to low levels of lead resulted in a marked depression in the antibody response to SRBC as well as decreased serum IgG levels. Serum IgM and IgA levels were normal. The fact that the antibody response to LPS, a thymus independent antigen, was not altered, suggested that the T-lymphocyte rather than the B-lymphocyte is affected by lead exposure. Additional significance is lent to these results when blood lead levels in treated rats were found to be similar to levels found in many children in urban areas.
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Environ Monit Assess
January 2025
Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey.
E-waste, a global environmental concern, particularly affects developing nations due to the rise in informal recycling practices. This leads to contamination of environmental matrices, posing threats to both ecosystems and human health. To assess this issue, we monitored brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in 164 samples (soil) from 32 informal e-waste operational locations and 9 background locations across nine mega cities of Pakistan from September 2020 to December 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem Lett
January 2025
School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
Halide perovskites have attracted recent attention as thermoelectric materials due to their low thermal conductivity combined with good charge transport characteristics. The tin halide perovskites hold the highest within metal halide perovskites and offer lower toxicity than lead-containing perovskites that are well-known for photovoltaics. In this study, we partially substitute Sn (II) with Ge (II) to form mixed metal CsSnGeI perovskite thin films that have substantially improved stability, remaining in the black orthorhombic phase after hours of ambient air exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Endod J
January 2025
School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Confounding is a significant challenge in endodontic research, as it can blur the true effect and relationship between exposure and outcomes, potentially compromising the internal validity of research findings. Confounding variables can create apparent differences between study groups when no actual difference exists or fail to reveal true differences when they are present. Additionally, confounding can lead to either an underestimation or an overestimation of the effect of exposure on the outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrason Imaging
January 2025
Biomedical Ultrasound Imaging Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India.
Imaging depth remains a restriction for Synthetic Aperture (SA) approaches, even though SA techniques have been shown to overcome some of the drawbacks of Conventional Focused Beamforming (CFB) technique. This limitation is attributed to lesser energy per transmit in SA techniques compared to that of CFB technique. Therefore, in this paper, a systematic investigation is done to evaluate the improvement in imaging depth and image quality of B-mode ultrasound images in the case of SA technique using PZT transducer by boosting the input voltage to the transducer, while measuring the acoustic exposure parameters recommended in international standards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Methods
January 2025
Lead Exposure Elimination Project, London, W10 4BP, UK.
Determining lead (Pb) concentrations in new paints using spectroscopic methods such as Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) requires technical expertise, consumables, equipment for method preparation, and instrumentation that can be cost prohibitive and difficult to maintain in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF) analyzers are less expensive and simple to operate, their inaccuracy has limited their use to screening for the analysis of Pb in new, dried paint. To determine the limits of pXRF analyzers, new paint samples were purchased, dried, homogenized, and analyzed pXRF and ICP-OES.
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