Prevalence and predictors of naturopathic practitioners' self-reported practice behaviours: results of an international survey.

Background: The naturopathic workforce spans over 108 countries and is estimated to provide care to over 5.5 million patients globally per month. Despite such demand, naturopathic practitioners are not well integrated into mainstream health systems, in part due to poor knowledge about naturopathy among policy makers and other health professionals. This study aims to describe naturopathic practitioners' practice behaviours and examine the characteristics that predict the use of naturopathic treatments and practices around the world.

Methods: An international cross-sectional online survey was distributed through World Naturopathic Federation membership organisations and social media accounts. Multivariate reverse stepwise logistic regression was undertaken to examine potential predictors of practice behaviours, adjusting for the influence of demographic and practice characteristics.

Results: A response rate of 78.4% was achieved (n=478). Lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, nutritional products and herbal medicines were most consistently prescribed or . At least one-half of participants discussed nine of the ten health topics during clinical practice or . More than one-half (55.1%) of participants practiced in a location with statutory regulation/occupational certification. Compared to participants located in countries with voluntary certification/no regulation, those in countries with statutory registration/occupational licensing had higher odds of prescribing nutritional products (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.5) or IV/injection therapies (aOR=18.4).

Conclusion: The findings of this study provide important insights into contemporary naturopathic practice behaviour, which may help to overcome misconceptions about such practice among other health professionals, policy makers and the community.