Epidemiology, molecular characterization, and drug resistance of IncHI5 plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae.

The increasingly frequent occurence of IncHI5 plasmids has attracted worldwide attention. The aim of this study was to perform an in-depth bioinformatics analysis to determine the genetic characteristics and global distribution of all IncHI5 plasmids. The geographic distribution and epidemiology of all IncHI5 plasmids from GenBank were analyzed based on relevant literature reports and background information from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Detailed annotation of antibiotic resistance genes was performed. A total of 65 IncHI5 plasmid genomes were collected in GenBank. All IncHI5 plasmids were carried by Enterobacteriaceae, of which Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the largest proportion (50%, 33/65). The host bacterium of IncHI5 plasmids was mainly isolated from Homo Sapiens (81%, 53/65). All strains carrying IncHI5 plasmids were mainly distributed in China (83%, 54/65). Evolutionary analysis can divide IncHI5 plasmids into two groups, namely Groups I/II, of which Group II was more widely distributed worldwide. This study showed that Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella, was the main host for IncHI5 plasmid. Almost all IncHI5 plasmids carried multiple types of antibiotic resistance genes, related to Tn1696 or Tn6535. The IncHI5 plasmids should be of continuing interest as good repositories for antibiotic resistance genes.