B-Type Oligomers from Expand the Procyanidin Chemical Space and Exhibit Dental Bioactivity.

Investigation of a pine bark extract for bioactive proanthocyanidin oligomers resulted in the isolation of structurally related dimeric B-type procyanidin derivatives, -. This includes scalemic mixtures of gambiriin A1 () and A2 () and their newly described optical antipodes, -gambiriin A1 () and -gambiriin A2 (), respectively, as well as a racemic mixture of the newly described (-)gambiriin A5 (/). Furthermore, the study now fully characterizes the previously reported optically pure dimers gambiriin B1 () and gambirflavan D1 (), and characterized the novel B-type procyanidin trimer, (gambirifuran C1). Thermal conversion of catechin in aqueous solution provided further evidence for the structures of - and led to the purification of semisynthetic and as well as additional dimers -. Elucidating the structures of the natural dimers, -, from comprehensive NMR and ECD data and synthetic evidence provided crucial reference points for establishing the structure of the B-type procyanidin trimer, . Serving as assigned building blocks, data from the dimers supported the 3D structural assignment of based on NMR substituent chemical shift differences (s.c.s., syn. Δδ) and component-based empirical ECD calculations. Within the newly characterized series of PAC-related molecules, exhibited high dentin biomodification potential. In addition, considering the nomenclature issues and plausible biosynthetic pathways of this group of compounds led to a consolidated nomenclature of all currently known B-type procyanidins. These findings, thereby, expand the chemical space of bioactive catechin oligomers, which have promise as agents for the natural enhancement of dental biomaterials. Finally, the current knowledge of the chemical space of B-type procyanidin derivatives was compiled to the level of absolute configuration.