Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are transcriptionally and functionally similar to T cells but lack adaptive antigen receptors. They play critical roles in early defense against pathogens. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries of ILC progenitors and discuss possible mechanisms that separate ILCs from T cells. We consider mechanisms of lineage specification in early ILC development and also examine whether differences exist between adult and fetal ILC development.
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