Application of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a novel strategy for alleviation of the adverse effects caused by abiotic stresses. However, little is known about HS-mediated global molecular response of rice seedlings to thiocyanate (SCN) exposure. Herein, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the crucial role of exogenous HS in alleviation of SCN toxicity generated at different effective concentrations (EC: 24.0 mg SCN/L, EC: 96.0 mg SCN/L, and EC: 300.0 mg SCN/L) in rice seedlings through transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the total numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs, upregulated genes/downregulated genes) in rice roots were 755/313, 1114/3303, and 2184/7427, while they were 427/292, 2134/526, and 2378/890 in rice shoots at EC, EC, and EC of SCN, respectively. When exogenous HS was supplied to rice seedlings exposed to SCN, the total number of DEGs (upregulated genes/downregulated genes) in rice roots was 1158/316, 1943/2959, and 1737/5392, while it was 2067/937, 2689/683, and 3492/1062 in rice shoots at EC, EC, and EC of SCN, respectively. Upregulated DEGs in shoots were positively correlated with SCN concentration in the presence of exogenous HS, suggesting its crucial role in regulating the phytotoxicity of SCN. Gene function and pathway enrichment analyses showed that exogenous HS triggered "secondary metabolite synthesis," "metabolic pathways," and "signal transduction mechanisms" in rice seedlings corresponding to different effective concentrations of SCN exposure.
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