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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2022.165 | DOI Listing |
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Dynamic planning in hierarchical active inference.
Neural Netw
January 2025
Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Padova, Italy. Electronic address:
By dynamic planning, we refer to the ability of the human brain to infer and impose motor trajectories related to cognitive decisions. A recent paradigm, active inference, brings fundamental insights into the adaptation of biological organisms, constantly striving to minimize prediction errors to restrict themselves to life-compatible states. Over the past years, many studies have shown how human and animal behaviors could be explained in terms of active inference - either as discrete decision-making or continuous motor control - inspiring innovative solutions in robotics and artificial intelligence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychiatric symptoms predict rate of change in executive function in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc
January 2025
Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Objective: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are considered diagnostic and prognostic indicators of dementia and are attributable to neurodegenerative processes. Little is known about the prognostic value of early NPS on executive functioning (EF) decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). We examined whether baseline NPS predicted the rate of executive function (EF) decline among older adults with ADRD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResting-state fMRI activation is associated with parent-reported phenotypic features of autism in early adolescence.
Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry
November 2024
Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social cognition, self-referential processing, and restricted repetitive behaviors. Despite the established clinical symptoms and neurofunctional alterations in ASD, definitive biomarkers for ASD features during neurodevelopment remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore if activation in brain regions of the default mode network (DMN), specifically the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), superior temporal sulcus (STS), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), angular gyrus (AG), and the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), during resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is associated with possible phenotypic features of autism (PPFA) in a large, diverse youth cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain aging rejuvenation factors in adults with genetic and sporadic neurodegenerative disease.
Brain Commun
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
The largest risk factor for dementia is age. Heterochronic blood exchange studies have uncovered age-related blood factors that demonstrate 'pro-aging' or 'pro-youthful' effects on the mouse brain. The clinical relevance and combined effects of these factors for humans is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopmental Trajectories and Differences in Functional Brain Network Properties of Preterm and At-Term Neonates.
Hum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.
Premature infants, born before 37 weeks of gestation can have alterations in neurodevelopment and cognition, even when no anatomical lesions are evident. Resting-state functional neuroimaging of naturally sleeping babies has shown altered connectivity patterns, but there is limited evidence on the developmental trajectories of functional organization in preterm neonates. By using a large dataset from the developing Human Connectome Project, we explored the differences in graph theory properties between at-term (n = 332) and preterm (n = 115) neonates at term-equivalent age, considering the age subgroups proposed by the World Health Organization for premature birth.
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