Francis Carter Wood and the birth of population-based cancer surveillance.

The founding of the National Cancer Institute in 1937 was attended by the formation of the National Advisory Council on Cancer. A seminal action by this Council was the funding of the First National Cancer Survey, the first population-based cancer surveillance activity of the federal government. Francis Carter Wood, distinguished cancer researcher and editor of the American Journal of Cancer (predecessor to Cancer Research), was a member of that Council, through which he was a prime mover in the funding of this survey. This action reflected Wood's commitment to population-based cancer surveillance, voiced over more than 2 decades. Such commitment reflected his view that only such data could identify the optimal treatment modality for cancer patients. The implications of this view, with epidemiologic data providing insights on treatment rather than prevention of disease, as the basis for the development of cancer epidemiology are then considered.