AI Article Synopsis

  • Mineralization-competent cells such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes release matrix vesicles that facilitate the formation of apatite by accumulating calcium and phosphorus with the aid of specific proteins and compounds.
  • The flavonoid apigenin has been studied for its ability to influence osteoblast mineralization, particularly its interactions with proteins annexin A6 and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) in three cell lines: hFOB 1.19, Saos-2, and HCASMC.
  • Results showed that apigenin modifies mineral structure and TNAP activity, enhances mineralization in Saos-2 cells, and disrupts the normal distribution of AnxA6 and TNAP in cells and

Article Abstract

Mineralization-competent cells like osteoblasts and chondrocytes release matrix vesicles (MVs) which accumulate Ca and P, creating an optimal environment for apatite formation. The mineralization process requires the involvement of proteins, such as annexins (Anx) and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), as well as low molecular-weight compounds. Apigenin, a flavonoid compound, has been reported to affect bone metabolism, but there are doubts about its mechanism of action under physiological and pathological conditions. In this report, apigenin potency to modulate annexin A6 (AnxA6)- and TNAP-mediated osteoblast mineralization was explored using three cell lines: human fetal osteoblastic hFOB 1.19, human osteosarcoma Saos-2, and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells HCASMC. We compared the mineralization competence, the morphology and composition of minerals, and the protein distribution in control and apigenin-treated cells and vesicles. The mineralization ability was monitored by AR-S/CPC analysis, and TNAP activity was determined by ELISA assay. Apigenin affected the mineral structure and modulated TNAP activity depending on the concentration. We also observed increased mineralization in Saos-2 cells. Based on TEM-EDX, we found that apigenin influenced the mineral composition. This flavonoid also disturbed the intracellular distribution of AnxA6 and TNAP, especially blocking AnxA6 aggregation and TNAP attachment to the membrane, as examined by FM analysis of cells and TEM-gold analysis of vesicles. In summary, apigenin modulates the mineralization process by regulating AnxA6 and TNAP, as well as through various effects on normal and cancer bone tissues or atherosclerotic soft tissue.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9658728PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113179DOI Listing

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