Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Success in Amazonian Rehabilitating Minelands.

is endemic to Brazil and grows in ferruginous outcrops () in Serra dos Carajás, eastern Amazon, where one of the largest iron ore deposits in the world is located. Plants that develop in these ecosystems are subject to severe environmental conditions and must have adaptive mechanisms to grow and thrive in . is a native species used to restore biodiversity in post-mining areas in . Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation of in is essential to deduce the ability of native species to adapt to possible stressors in rehabilitating minelands over time. In this study, the root proteomic profiles of grown in a native ecosystem and rehabilitating minelands were compared to identify essential proteins involved in the adaptation of this species in its native environment and that should enable its establishment in rehabilitating minelands. The results showed differentially abundant proteins, where 436 proteins with significant values ( < 0.05) and fold change ≥ 2 were more abundant in and 145 in roots from the rehabilitating minelands. Among them, a representative amount and diversity of proteins were related to responses to water deficit, heat, and responses to metal ions. Other identified proteins are involved in biocontrol activity against phytopathogens and symbiosis. This research provides insights into proteins involved in responses to environmental stimuli, suggesting critical mechanisms to support the establishment of native plants in rehabilitating minelands over time.