Background: Fat alterations are frequent in people with HIV (PWH) and predict worse cardiometabolic outcomes. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. We aimed to investigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) as a potential marker of visceral adiposity in PWH. Methods: We conducted a prospective pilot study of HIV mono-infected patients undergoing metabolic characterization and paired CAP measured by transient elastography with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. NAFLD was defined as CAP ≥ 285 dB/m, in absence of alcohol abuse. Excess visceral adiposity was defined as VAT > 1.32 Kg. Pairwise correlation, area under the curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were employed to study the association between VAT and CAP. Results: Thirty patients were included, of whom 50% had NAFLD. CAP was correlated with VAT (r = 0.650, p < 0.001) measured by DEXA scan. After adjusting for duration of HIV infection, body mass index and waist circumference, CAP remained the only independent predictor of excess VAT (adjusted odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01−1.10). The AUC analysis determined CAP had excellent performance to diagnose excess VAT (AUC 0.92, 95% CI 0.81−1.00), higher than BMI and waist circumference. The optimized CAP cut-off to diagnose excess VAT was 266 dB/m, with a sensitivity of 88.3% and a specificity of 84.6%. Conclusions: NAFLD diagnosed by CAP is associated with VAT in PWH independently of anthropometric measures of obesity. CAP may be a potential diagnostic marker of visceral adiposity in the practice of HIV medicine.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112590 | DOI Listing |
Nutrients
December 2024
Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) elicits various health benefits, some mediated by fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). However, research on SAAR's effects on the heart is limited and presents mixed findings. This study aimed to evaluate SAAR-induced molecular alterations associated with cardiac remodeling and their dependence on FGF21.
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December 2024
Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Feixa Llarga, s/n., 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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December 2024
Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah School of Medicine, 95 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, with limited effective therapeutic interventions in patients. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and ventricular arrhythmias present substantial risks for the prognosis of these patients. Obesity is a risk factor for HFpEF and life-threatening arrhythmias.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Consuming a "modern" Western diet and overnutrition may increase insulin secretion. Additionally, nutrition-mediated hyperinsulinemia is a major driver of ectopic fat deposition. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high and growing.
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December 2024
Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil.
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