The main aim of this research was to examine the simultaneous effects of all flow parameters on the critical regime occurrence frequency in an egg-shaped conduit. Furthermore, one may first study the impacts of the conduit's generator diameter, then the influence of the generator diameter/longitudinal slope, and finally the effect of all parameters: the generator diameter, longitudinal slope, roughness and viscosity. It has been concluded that all these parameters, combined, have limit values that can generate a single critical state from which a diagram can be drawn showing different states of the critical flow that can be observed. Notably, this diagram is established according to the following practical ranges: relative roughness 0 ≤ ε/D ≤ 5.10, generator diameter 0.25 m ≤ D ≤ 4 m and Galileo number 2.10 ≤ √Ga ≤ 4.10. This revealed that the critical regime can develop smooth, rough and transition domains. Critical flow is very unstable; therefore, it is to be avoided in practice, which means that the dimensions and the slope of the conduit must be such that they do not cause such a state of flow. This explains why knowledge of the characteristics of the critical flow, including the frequency of its occurrence for a given installation, is essential.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.259 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Cooperation of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum and polyethylene microplastics facilitated the disappearance of tetracycline during anaerobic fermentation of whole plant maize.
J Hazard Mater
January 2025
College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China. Electronic address:
In agricultural production systems, the harm of both antibiotics and microplastics (MPs) to human health has been an important and continuously concerned issue. A small bagged silage production system was designed to investigate the effects of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum, polyethylene (PE) -MPs and their mixture on the silage fermentation and chemical composition of Tetracycline (TET) -contaminated whole plant maize. In addition, the bacterial community of silage samples was analyzed by using next generation genome sequencing technology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatiotemporal Mapping of Ultrafine Particle Fluxes in an Office HVAC System with a Diffusion Charger Sensor Array.
ACS EST Air
January 2025
Lyles School of Civil & Construction Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
Commercial HVAC systems intended to mitigate indoor air pollution are operated based on standards that exclude aerosols with smaller diameters, such as ultrafine particles (UFPs, D ≤ 100 nm), which dominate a large proportion of indoor and outdoor number-based particle size distributions. UFPs generated from occupant activities or infiltrating from the outdoors can be recirculated and accumulate indoors when they are not successfully filtered by an air handling unit. Monitoring UFPs in real occupied environments is vital to understanding these source and mitigation dynamics, but capturing their rapid transience across multiple locations can be challenging due to high-cost instrumentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Underappreciated Etiology of Groin Mass: Great Saphenous Vein Aneurysm.
Sisli Etfal Hastan Tip Bul
December 2024
Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Inguinal masses have a large variety of causes, ranging from inguinal hernias to soft tissue sarcomas. One of the less prevalent causes is vascular origin. Venous aneurysms, unlike their arterial counterparts, are seen seldomly and experience in management of these cases is scarce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstablishing a standardized murine orthotopic intra-rectal model for the study of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
J Gastrointest Oncol
December 2024
Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Background: Orthotopic models offer a more accurate representation of colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to subcutaneous models. Despite promising results from the reported intra-rectal models, establishing a standardized method for CRC research remains challenging due to model variability, hindering comprehensive studies on CRC pathogenesis and treatment modalities, such as brachytherapy. This study aimed to establish a standardized workflow for an orthotopic intra-rectal animal model to induce the growth of colorectal adenocarcinoma in male and female mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present the first, to our knowledge, metasurface holographic display method with exceptional fidelity and minimal edge noise, based on highly uniform flat-top light generated by a digital micromirror device (DMD). Based on the error-diffusion algorithm and iterative refinement process, the amplitude distribution of the initial Gaussian light was dynamically closed-loop modulated, and the standard difference of the intensity of the 3 mm diameter center flat-top beam was reduced to less than 3.4%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!