A training intervention to enhance self-management support competencies among nurses: A non-randomized trial with mixed-methods evaluation.

Aim: To evaluate the process and outcomes of INTENSS, a training intervention grounded in Self-Determination Theory to enhance nurses' competencies for self-management support.

Design: Non-randomized intervention study with mixed-methods evaluation approach (2019-2020).

Methods: The multifaceted training was implemented in six groups. Cluster-assignment to study arm 1 or arm 2. Arm 1 received a basic training module and arm 2 the basic module with additional video-interaction guidance. Focus groups were held to detect what was helpful in competency enhancement. Intervention effectiveness was determined on trainees' attitude, motivation, self-efficacy and skills for self-management support (multiple time-points by self-reports and observations).

Results: Trainees (N = 50) indicated the video-interaction guidance, the connectivity within the training group, the constructive feedback from trainers as well as from peers, as helpful for the acquisition of self-management support skills. At 2-month post-training, participants slightly improved in their competencies for the assess (p = .03), agree (p = .02), arrange (p < .01) phase and partnership skills (p < .01). Between the study arms, video-trained participants significantly reduced their use of controlling approaches (p = .03). Observations indicated that trainees mostly used an autonomy-supportive approach, seldom we observed the use of competence supportive, controlling or chaotic approaches. The interviews gave indications that obligatory training in this field needs to be questioned.

Conclusion: The outcome evaluation of the INTENNS training indicated most improvement in nurses' skills for collaborative goal setting and partnership with patients. The mixed-methods evaluation emerges transferable principles to implement the training amongst nurses and, by extension, other healthcare professions. A training intervention involving patient experts can add value to further pave the way towards a true partnership between patients and healthcare professionals.

Impact: A training intervention taking into account the complexity of supporting patients towards self-management is available. Important elements for growth are: connectivity within training group, a safe learning climate where 'failure' is allowed and video-interaction guidance. Obligatory training participation can be questioned.