Natural Populations from the Complex Show a High Diversity and Abundance of ssRNA and dsRNA Viruses.

We explored the virome of the " complex", a group of aquatic specialists geographically limited to Southeast and East Asia, the native origin of many destructive invasive forest spp. Based on high-throughput sequencing (RNAseq) of 112 isolates of "" collected from rivers, mangroves, and ponds, and natural forests in subtropical and tropical areas in Indonesia, Taiwan, and Japan, 52 putative viruses were identified, which, to varying degrees, were phylogenetically related to the families , , , and , and the order . The prevalence of all viruses in their hosts was investigated and confirmed by RT-PCR. The rich virus composition, high abundance, and distribution discovered in our study indicate that viruses are naturally infecting taxa from the " complex" in their natural niche, and that they are predominant members of the host cellular environment. Certain Indonesian localities are the viruses' hotspots and particular "" isolates show complex multiviral infections. This study defines the first bi-segmented bunya-like virus together with the first tombus-like and botybirna-like viruses in the genus and provides insights into the spread and evolution of RNA viruses in the natural populations of an oomycete species.