This study investigated the enamel and dentin bond durability of a two-step adhesive system, using a universal adhesive-derived primer (G2-Bond Universal [GU]), and compared it with the two conventional, two-step, self-etch adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond 2 [CS] and OptiBond XTR [OX]) under thermal cycling (TC) and long-term water storage (WS). The shear bond strengths to bovine enamel and dentin were determined using the etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes. Twelve specimens per test group were prepared and further divided into the following subgroups: 1) subjected to TC, 2) long-term WS, and 3) WS for 24 h (baseline). The enamel and dentin bond durability of GU was superior to those of CS and OX in different etching modes and under different degradation conditions. The latest two-step adhesive system, which utilizes universal adhesives' benefits in its primer, might offer durable clinical bonding performances and can be widely used in a clinical setting.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2022-130 | DOI Listing |
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, No. 2006, Xiyuan Avenue, High-tech Zone (West Area), 610054, Chengdu, CHINA.
Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) emerges as a potent catalyst for converting CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH), leveraging its abundant lattice oxygen and the high activity of its Bi-O bonds. Yet, its durability is usually impeded by the loss of lattice oxygen causing structure alteration and destabilized active bonds. Herein, we report an innovative approach via the interstitial incorporation of indium (In) into the Bi2O3, significantly enhancing bond stability and preserving lattice oxygen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
The bifunctional mechanism, involving multiactive compositions to simultaneously dissociate water molecules and optimize intermediate adsorption, has been widely used in the design of catalysts to boost water electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen energy production but remains debatable due to difficulties in accurately identifying the reaction process. Here, we proposed the concept of well-defined Lewis pairs in single-atom catalysts, with a unique acid-base nature, to comprehensively understand the exact role of multiactive compositions in an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. By facilely adjusting active moieties, the induced synergistic effect between Lewis pairs (M-P/S/Cr pairs, M = Ru, Ir, Pt) can significantly facilitate the cleavage of the H-OH bond and accelerate the removal of intermediates, thereby switching the rate-determining step from the Volmer step to the Heyrovsky step.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
January 2025
Laboratoire d'Energétique et des Transferts Thermique et Massique (LETTM), Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire El-Manar, El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
The viability of using fibers as reinforcement material for developing lightweight sustainable non-structural construction materials in compliance with the valorization of local by-products has been investigated in this work. This study aims to investigate the effect of the chemical treatment of fibers on the mechanical and hygric properties of bio-sourced clay-sand- fiber composite. This lightweight specimen has been produced from a mixture of 60% natural clay and 40% sand by mass, as a matrix, and reinforced with different amounts of Juncus fibers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
December 2024
College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225100, China.
Polymers (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Architectural Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea.
The absence of carbon fiber-reinforced rebar performance standards in Korea has limited its reliability. This study investigates the durability performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer rebar as an alternative to traditional steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Concrete beams reinforced with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer rebar were exposed to chloride environments for durations of 35 and 70 days and then subjected to bending tests to evaluate their durability.
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