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Evaluating the impact of Canadian cannabis legalization on cannabis use outcomes in emerging adults: Comparisons to a US control sample via a natural experiment.
Int J Drug Policy
December 2024
Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Canada.
Background: Recreational cannabis legalization marked a significant policy shift in Canada, but has been difficult to evaluate because of the absence of a control group. Although it is unfeasible to evaluate legalization using a randomized controlled trial design, sophisticated statistical techniques can employ quasi-experimental designs using natural experiments. This study evaluates the impact of cannabis legalization in a longitudinal cohort of Canadian emerging adults by comparing changes in cannabis use frequency and related consequences over time to changes in a similar cohort in a United States jurisdiction where no policy change took place.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModerate prenatal alcohol exposure alters GABAergic transmission and the actions of acute alcohol in the medial central amygdala of adolescent rats.
Neuropharmacology
December 2024
Department of Psychology, Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton NY 13902, United States; Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Binghamton NY 13902, United States. Electronic address:
Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are at a higher risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using a rat model of moderate PAE (mPAE) on gestational day 12 (G12; ∼2 trimesters in humans), a critical period for amygdala development, we have shown disruptions in medial central amygdala (CeM) function, an important brain region associated with the development of AUD. In addition to this, acute ethanol (EtOH) increases GABA transmission in the CeM of rodents in a sex-dependent manner, a mechanism that potentially contributes to alcohol misuse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerious harm reduction protective behavioral strategies reduce consequences associated with alcohol-induced blackouts in college students.
Addict Behav
December 2024
Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Objective: Alcohol-induced blackouts (AIBs) have been associated with increased alcohol-related consequences. Serious harm reduction (SHR) protective behavioral strategies may reduce consequences when students are drinking heavily. We examined whether SHR weakened the relationship between AIBs and a) total consequences and b) serious consequences (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflammation remains a dynamic component of portal hypertension in regressive alcohol-related cirrhosis.
United European Gastroenterol J
December 2024
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Background: Portal hypertension (PH) resulting from static and dynamic intrahepatic changes drives liver-related complications even after removing the underlying aetiological factor.
Objective: We investigated the impact of inflammation on the dynamic component of PH during disease regression in animal models of toxin-induced cirrhosis and patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.
Methods: In mice, cirrhosis was induced via toxin application for 12 weeks followed by toxin-withdrawal allowing for one or 2 weeks of regression.
[Early detection of alcohol use: discuss alcohol use to prevent damage].
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd
December 2024
Jellinek, Amsterdam.
Introduction: Health professionals do not routinely ask patients about alcohol use, although it is associated with a range of somatic and psychological problems. Therefore, alcohol use may not be recognized as the cause of a health problem, which may result in worsening of the situation, incorrect diagnosis or incorrect treatment. This is illustrated by three cases from different clinical practices: the emergency department, the hospital ward and the general practice.
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