High-Throughput Assay for Characterizing Rpn11 Deubiquitinase Activity.

Rpn11 is an essential metalloprotease responsible for the en bloc removal of ubiquitin chains from protein substrates that are targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome. A unique feature of Rpn11 is that its deubiquitinase (DUB) activity is greatly stimulated by the mechanical translocation of the substrate into the proteasomal AAA+ (ATPase Associated with diverse cellular Activities) motor, which delivers the scissile isopeptide bond between a substrate lysine and the proximal moiety of an attached ubiquitin chain to the DUB catalytic active site. As a consequence, Rpn11 cleaves at the base of ubiquitin chains and lacks selectivity towards specific ubiquitin-chain linkage types, which is in contrast to other DUBs, including the related AMSH that selectively cleaves Lys63-linked chains. Prevention of Rpn11's deubiquitinase activity leads to inhibition of proteasomal degradation by stalling substrate translocation. With the proteasome as an approved anticancer target, Rpn11 is therefore an attractive point of attack for the development of new inhibitors, which requires robust biochemical assays to measure DUB activity. Here we describe a method for the purification of the Rpn8/Rpn11 heterodimer and ubiquitin-GC-TAMRA, a model substrate that can be used to characterize the DUB activity of Rpn11 in isolation without the need of purifying 26S proteasomes. This assay thus enables a high-throughput screening platform for Rpn11-targeted small-molecule discovery.