Three xanthophylls [(3,3',6')-lutein (1), (3,3')-zeaxanthin (2), and (3,3')-astaxanthin (3)] were used for the first time as initiators in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) catalyzed by tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate [Sn(Oct)] for the synthesis of novel sustainable xanthophyll-containing poly(ε-caprolactone)s (xanthophylls-PCL). The obtained polyesters were characterized by H and C NMR, FT-IR, DSC, SEC, and MALDI-TOF MS, and their use as additives in green lubricants was evaluated using a sliding friction test under boundary conditions. Xanthophylls-PCL were obtained with good conversions and with molecular weights determined by SEC to be between 2500 and 10 500 Da. The thermal properties of xanthophyll-polyesters showed a crystalline domain, detected by DSC. Lastly, the green lubricant activity of these polymers was evaluated and the results showed that xanthophylls-PCL could be employed as additives for biodegradable lubricant applications since they have better tribological behavior than current additives, which demonstrates their potential as future commercial materials with interesting eco-friendly properties for diverse applications.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9609694 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra04502h | DOI Listing |
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