Face mask wearing was an important preventative strategy for the transmission of the COVID-19 virus. However, the effects that occluding the mouth and nose area with surgical masks could have on young children's language processing and emotion recognition skills have received little investigation. To evaluate the possible effects, the current study recruited a sample of 74 children from the North West of England (aged 4-8 years). They completed two computer-based tasks with adults wearing or not wearing surgical face masks to assess (a) language processing skills and (b) emotion recognition ability. To control for individual differences, age, sex, receptive vocabulary, early reading skills, and parent-reported social-emotional competence were included in analyses. The findings from the study highlighted that although younger children were less accurate than older children, face masks did not significantly impair basic language processing ability. However, they had a significant effect on the children's emotion recognition accuracy-with masked angry faces more easily recognized and masked happy and sad faces less easily recognized. Children's age and social-emotional skills also played a role. The findings suggest that the effects of face masks should continue to be evaluated.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105580 | DOI Listing |
J Magn Reson Imaging
January 2025
Department of Radiology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
Background: Multifrequency MR elastography (mMRE) enables noninvasive quantification of renal stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Manual segmentation of the kidneys on mMRE is time-consuming and prone to increased interobserver variability.
Purpose: To evaluate the performance of mMRE combined with automatic segmentation in assessing CKD severity.
Brain Topogr
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
EEG involves recording electrical activity generated by the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. Imagined speech classification has emerged as an essential area of research in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Despite significant advances, accurately classifying imagined speech signals remains challenging due to their complex and non-stationary nature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiology
January 2025
From the University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging (UM2ii) Center, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 (C.H.S., A.K., V.P., F.X.D.); Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif (C.P.L.); Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Md (A.J.); Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Md (H.H.); and University of Maryland Institute for Health Computing, University of Maryland, North Bethesda, Md (H.H., F.X.D.).
Integrating large language models (LLMs) into health care holds substantial potential to enhance clinical workflows and care delivery. However, LLMs also pose serious risks if integration is not thoughtfully executed, with complex challenges spanning accuracy, accessibility, privacy, and regulation. Proprietary commercial LLMs (eg, GPT-4 [OpenAI], Claude 3 Sonnet and Claude 3 Opus [Anthropic], Gemini [Google]) have received much attention from researchers in the medical domain, including radiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2025
School of Chinese as a Second Language, Faculty of Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Although writing feedback is widely believed to elicit a range of emotions, studies on the emotional experiences of L2 students with this teaching and learning tool, as well as their regulation strategies, remain largely underexplored. Drawing on the analytical framework of academic emotions from the perspective of positive psychology, this study examines two Chinese as foreign language (CFL) students' emotional reactions to their teacher's oral and written feedback and their emotion regulation strategies. The main data includes interviews, retrospective oral reports, students' reflection journals, academic writings, and teacher feedback.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Artif Intell
January 2025
Department of Linguistics and Communication, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
In this article, we introduce a sociolinguistic perspective on language modeling. We claim that language models in general are inherently modeling , and we consider how this insight can inform the development and deployment of language models. We begin by presenting a technical definition of the concept of a variety of language as developed in sociolinguistics.
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