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Tumor microenvironment and exosomes in brain metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical application. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Effective treatments are needed to enhance prognosis, and understanding how tumor cells invade and grow in the central nervous system is crucial.
  • * The "seed and soil" hypothesis illustrates how tumor cells interact with the brain's environment, while exosomes play a critical role in communication and regulation within this microenvironment.

Article Abstract

Metastasis is one of the important biological features of malignant tumors and one of the main factors responsible for poor prognosis. Although the widespread application of newer clinical technologies and their continuous development have significantly improved survival in patients with brain metastases, there is no uniform standard of care. More effective therapeutic measures are therefore needed to improve prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor cell colonization, growth, and invasion in the central nervous system is of particular importance for the prevention and treatment of brain metastases. This process can be plausibly explained by the "seed and soil" hypothesis, which essentially states that tumor cells can interact with various components of the central nervous system microenvironment to produce adaptive changes; it is this interaction that determines the development of brain metastases. As a novel form of intercellular communication, exosomes play a key role in the brain metastasis microenvironment and carry various bioactive molecules that regulate receptor cell activity. In this paper, we review the roles and prospects of brain metastatic tumor cells, the brain metastatic tumor microenvironment, and exosomes in the development and clinical management of brain metastases.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9631487PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.983878DOI Listing

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