Phosphorus-containing ionic liquid derivatives have been proven to be effective flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP). Flame retardants can accelerate the curing process and improve flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP composites, which is challenging. In this paper, a novel phosphorus-containing ionic liquid (TPP-PF) was synthesized and used both as a co-curing agent with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and as a highly effective flame retardant for EP. It has been found that TPP-PF was conducive to improve the char formation of EP to inhibit the smoke release at high temperatures. For EP/TPP-PF composites, the flame-retardant performance was enhanced rapidly with the increase of TPP-PF. With only 2 wt% of TPP-PF, EP/2.0TPP-PF reached a UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 30.3%. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production values of EP/2.0TPP-PF were reduced by 36.32%, 45.81%, and 15.1% compared with those of pure EP, respectively. The thermal degradation products and flame retardant mechanism in gas and condensed phases were studied. It was found that TPP-PF had flame retardant effect in the barrier effect of the condensed phase and the quenching effect of the gas phase. This work explores the high-efficiency flame retardant and smoke-suppressive structures with co-curing properties for EP, thus promoting the wide application of EP materials.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137061 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
A framework for assessing microbial degradation of organophosphate ester plasticizers in seawater.
Chemosphere
December 2024
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:
The assessment of persistence of organic pollutants in seawater is limited by the lack of user-friendly, quick protocols for assessing one of their main sinks, degradation by marine bacteria. Here we present an experimental workflow to identify organic pollutants degradation, taking organophosphate esters flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs-FR-PL), as a model family of synthetic chemicals released into the marine environment that are particularly widespread due to their persistence and semi-volatile nature. The proposed novel workflow combines culture-dependent techniques, solvent demulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, with quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses in order to identify marine bacterial isolates with the potential to degrade OPEs-FR-PL in the marine environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTarget and Nontarget Analysis of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in a River Impacted by Industrial Activity in Eastern China.
Environ Sci Technol
December 2024
MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Industrial activities are a major source of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers in aquatic environments. This study investigated the distribution of 40 OPFRs in a river impacted by major industrial manufacturing plants in Eastern China by target analysis. Nontarget analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry was further employed to identify novel organophosphorus compounds (NOPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel Flame Retardants (NFRs) in E-waste: Environmental burdens, health implications, and recommendations for safety assessment and sustainable management.
Toxicology
December 2024
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany; Entity of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels-Belgium.
Novel flame retardants (NFRs) have emerged as chemicals of environmental health concern due to their widespread use as an alternative to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in electrical and electronic devices. Humans and ecosystems are under threat because of e-waste recycling procedures that may emit NFRs and other anthropogenic chemicals into the e-waste workplace and the surrounding environment. The individual toxicity of NFRs including novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), their combined effects and the underlying mechanisms of toxicity have remained poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccessible preparation of a novel nitrogen‑phosphorus synergetic nanocellulose-based flame retardant with excellent char-forming ability for enhancing the anti-melting droplet property of PA66.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk Institute), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. Electronic address:
Developing eco-friendly and effective flame retardants is crucial for enhancing the fire resistance of polymeric materials. This study developed a novel nitrogen‑phosphorus (NP) synergistic nanocellulose-based flame retardant (CNC-PEI-PA) by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) and phytic acid (PA) onto the CNC. CNC-PEI-PA demonstrated remarkable thermal stability, char-forming ability, and antibacterial activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced flame retardancy of polyurethane foam with alginate-based flame-retardant coating.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
School of Chemistry and Environment, Shaanxi Provincial University Key Laboratory of Interfacial Porous Materials, Ankang Research Centre of New Nano-materials Science and Technology, Innovation Research Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Materials and Battery Technology for Future Industrialization, Ankang University, Shaanxi, Ankang 725000, PR China.
Polyurethane (PU) foam is widely used in industrial and civil fields, but it is highly flammable. An eco-friendly flame-retardant coating has been fabricated from sodium alginate (SA) and mica powder, it has been applied to PU foam using a facile direct dip coating method, followed by crosslinking with Ca and modification with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), respectively. The original porous network structure is maintained in the coated PU (SMPU) foam with a porosity of 90.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!