AI Article Synopsis
- - Siwa Oasis is significant for its unique archaeological and geological features, relying on carbonate aquifer groundwater for irrigation, which was analyzed for quality changes over time and space.
- - Salinity levels in the aquifer vary significantly, with the highest total dissolved solids (TDS) found in the central area, and overall changes in salinity from 2014 to 2020 show only slight increases.
- - Around 61% of water samples are deemed unsuitable for irrigation due to high salinity; proposals include building desalination stations to improve water quality and establishing companies for salt extraction.
Article Abstract
Siwa Oasis is of great historical, environmental, and scientific importance, as it contains unique archeological and geological features. Groundwater is the main source of freshwater in that oasis. The carbonate aquifer groundwater, used for irrigation, was sampled to evaluate factors controlling quality changes spatially and temporally by applying hydrochemical and statistical analyses. The salinity of the aquifer varied spatially from 1367 to 8645 mg/l based on one hydrogeological condition, with the highest TDS (> 5432.5 mg/l, 25% of samples) at the central part of the study area. Temporally, the salinity changed slightly from 3754.3 mg/l (in 2014) to 4222.4 mg/l (in 2020). The cession of illegal wells, pumping control, and excavation of formed salts have a noticeable impact on salinity (mediate the increase in salinity) and ions. However, about 61% of the studied samples can be considered unsuitable for irrigation owing to salinity and can harm plant yield. The heavy metals studied (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb), except Cd, were within the permissible limit for irrigation water. Finally, it is proposed to construct desalination stations to enhance water quality for irrigation in the study area and set up many companies for salt extraction.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9633493 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10646-z | DOI Listing |
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