Occurrence of New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase 1 Producing Species in Oghara Water Nexus: An Emerging Environmental Implications of Resistance Dynamics.

Various members of the enteric bacteria in recent times are evolving diverse survival mechanisms for antibiotic therapy resulting in failure of treatment in infection and disease cases. The species are potential strains implicated in gastrointestinal tract infection and are recently evolving in the resistance mechanism. The study evaluates the occurrence of New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) amongst species using the phenotypic and genomic characterization of environmental strains in the Oghara water nexus. Presumptive isolates of Enterococcus species were retrieved from various sampled water sources and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted on confirmed isolates using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods. The result reveals 63 genus isolates confirmed species, of which 42 (67%) were Enterococcus , 15 (23%) were , and 6 (10%) were other species. Fourteen among the isolates show resistance to Ertapenem-EDTA, while 17 (44.8%) of the show resistance to Ertapenem-EDTA to presumptively reveal their NDM-1 phenotype. The PCR detection of the NDM-1 gene further confirmed 23 (36.5%) isolates as positive genotypes amongst the isolates that previously showed presumptive NDM-1 phenotype. It was also observed that 10 (15.9%) of members harbored the NDM-1 genotype, whereas 8 (12.7%) members of the harbored the NDM-1 genotype. The observation of such resistance determinants necessitates a call for the adroit application of relevant therapeutics in the management of related infections and an environmental health caution to prevent the spread of such resistance potential enteric bacteria pathogens.