AI Article Synopsis
- About 40% of current plant protection products contain chiral active ingredients, which can have different levels of activity and toxicity due to their interactions with biological molecules, leading to varying degradation rates in the environment.
- The review discusses commonly used methods for separating these chiral pesticides using HPLC, particularly focusing on derivatized amylose/cellulose columns and their effectiveness in analyzing pesticides in various environmental samples.
- A significant challenge in this field is the scarcity of pure single enantiomer standards, complicating the identification and quantification of these compounds, which is critical for assessing risks associated with chiral pesticide exposure.
Article Abstract
As many as 40% of all plant protection products currently used contain chiral active ingredients. Enantiomers of the same pesticide have identical physicochemical properties in an isotropic medium, but they may display different activity and toxicity because of their interaction with enzymes or other naturally occurring asymmetric molecules. This difference may also lead to variations in biotic degradation rates, making one enantiomer more persistent than the other in natural and agricultural environments. In terms of methodological aspects, this critical review describes the most used chiral stationary phases for HPLC enantioseparations of chiral pesticides, pinpointing their strengths and weaknesses. As far as their applicability is concerned, most research has been carried out by means of columns based on derivatized amylose/cellulose due to their rather universal analyte coverage. The chromatographic compatibility with sensitive detection techniques, such as mass spectrometry, has allowed the trace analysis of stereoisomers, revealing ubiquitous occurrence of some chiral pesticides in surface waters, sediments, plants, agricultural soils, roots, fruit and vegetables. The study of their distribution and degradation in various environmental compartments and agricultural soil-plant systems has highlighted the enrichment with one enantiomer over the other in certain matrices following the enantioselective dissipation catalysed by microorganisms or plant enzymes as well as the phenomenon of chiral inversion in some cases. Irrespective of the reliability of a chiral method, such investigations are often hindered by the lack of pure standards of single enantiomers, which makes it difficult to identify their stereochemical configuration and requires precise strategies of quantification. Surely, the research in this field has been grown over the last few years due to the necessity of assessing and limiting risks related to exposure to chiral pesticides, which can be considered emerging contaminants in all aspects.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463595 | DOI Listing |
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