Diabetes, Aging, and Insulin's Reponic Features: Review.

The aging process and the concomitant physiological changes that come with increasing age have been a focus of researchers and the general population for centuries. The pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the aging process was famously articulated by Aristotle, stating, "education is the best provision for old age." This remains true today in our quest to understand the physiological underpinnings of aging and the incessant attempt to slow or reverse many of the processes. The need to understand normal aging physiology is important to guide future targeted interventions to promote autonomy and prevent impairment of functioning. The risk of frailty, "vulnerability to stressors" and impaired or decreased functioning of a multitude of body systems is a major public health consideration for adults 65 years or older. While there has been a plethora of research on the aging effects of different systems throughout the body, the following literature review will focus on our recent understanding of the components of nutrient handling, specifically the endocrine system in older adults. By understanding the normal physiological changes that occur in response to nutrients, future interventions can be targeted to promote an extension of optimal functioning throughout the lifespan.