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Enlarged perivascular spaces under the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and severity of autism.
Sci Rep
March 2025
Division of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
The glymphatic system allows cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow along the brain's perivascular spaces (PVS), aiding in the removal of harmful substances into the venous system. Previous studies have suggested that younger males with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit enlarged PVS (ePVS), although the specific regions or extent of PVS enlargement remain unclear. Additionally, it is still unknown whether the localization of ePVS correlates with specific ASD symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdult Hydrocephalus and the Glymphatic System.
Neurosurg Clin N Am
April 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Pb 4950 Nydalen, Oslo N-0424, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:
Adult hydrocephalus, especially idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), involves cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dysfunction that is associated with impaired waste clearance in the brain, potentially causing toxic protein buildup. This condition shares features with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, where amyloid-β and tau proteins accumulate. Recent discoveries in the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems, key in CSF and metabolic waste clearance, provide insights into these protein imbalances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydrocephalus Pathophysiology and Epidemiology.
Neurosurg Clin N Am
April 2025
Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine, 410 W, 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 4th Floor Faculty Office Building, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. Electronic address:
Adult hydrocephalus is a common neurologic condition with an estimated prevalence of 85 per 100,000 globally, caused by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation within the cerebral ventricles. Subtypes include idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, posthemorrhagic, postinfectious, posttraumatic, and tumor-associated forms. Its pathophysiology involves glymphatic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, vascular compromise, and impaired CSF absorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cerebral lymphatic drainage in a rat model of chronic hydrocephalus.
Front Mol Neurosci
February 2025
Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) not only protects the brain but also maintains homeostasis by removing metabolic waste produced by brain activity. This study hypothesizes that chronic CSF circulatory dysfunction, such as chronic hydrocephalus or normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), may be a critical condition in neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic waste accumulation. To investigate the CSF circulation and cerebral lymphatic drainage in a rat model of chronic hydrocephalus induced by kaolin injection, we performed time-dependent evaluations of intraparenchymal injection of tracers as well as intraventricular injection of Evans blue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhat is idiopathic in normal pressure hydrocephalus?
J Neurosurg Sci
February 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Introduction: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) can be caused by acquired events - e.g. subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, or trauma - or can be "idiopathic" (iNPH) when no clear cause is identifiable.
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